Plant response to environmental conditions: assessing potential production, water demand, and negative effects of water deficit

This paper reviews methods for analyzing plant performance and its genetic variability under a range of environmental conditions. Biomass accumulation is linked every day to available light in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) domain, multiplied by the proportion of light intercepted by plants and by the radiation use efficiency. Total biomass is cumulated over the duration of the considered phase (e.g., plant cycle or vegetative phase). These durations are essentially constant for a given genotype provided that time is corrected for temperature (thermal time). Several ways of expressing thermal time are reviewed. Two alternative equations are presented, based either on the effect of transpiration, or on yield components. Their comparative interests and drawbacks are discussed. The genetic variability of each term of considered equations affects yield under water deficit, via mechanisms at different scales of plant organization and time. The effect of any physiological mechanism on yield of stressed plants acts via one of these terms, although the link is not always straightforward. Finally, I propose practical ways to compare the productivity of genotypes in field environments, and a “minimum dataset” of environmental data and traits that should be recorded for that

Toxicokinetics of fumonisin B1 in turkey poults and tissue persistence after exposure to a diet containing the maximum European tolerance for fumonisins in avian feeds

The kinetic of fumonisin B1 (FB1) after a single IV and oral dose, and FB1 persistence in tissue were investigated in turkey poults by HPLC after purification of samples on columns. After IV administration (single-dose: 10 mg FB1/kg bw), serum concentration–time curves were best described by a three-compartment open model. Elimination half-life and mean residence time of FB1 were 85 and 52 min, respectively. After oral administration (single-dose: 100 mg FB1/kg bw) bioavailability was 3.2%; elimination half-life and mean residence time were 214 and 408 min, respectively. Clearance of FB1 was 7.6 and 7.5 ml/min/kg for IV and oral administration respectively. Twenty four hours after the administration of FB1 by the intravenous route, liver and kidney contained the highest levels of FB1 in tissues, level in muscle was low or below the limit of detection (LD, 13 µg/kg). The persistence of FB1 in tissue was also studied after administration for nine weeks of a feed that contained 5, 10 and 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg diet. Eight hours after the last intake of 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg feed (maximum recommended concentration of fumonisins established by the EU for avian feed), hepatic and renal FB1 concentrations were 119 and 22 µg/kg, level in muscles was below the LD

España. Geografía histórica (1797). 1:3044137

Indica meridianos de origen: Isla del Hierro y París ; Márgenes graduados.Escala gráfica además en 'Lieues d'Espagne de 17 1/2 au Degré', etc

INGLATERRA (Reino Unido). Mapas generales (1797). 1:2076841

Indica meridianos de origen: Isla del Hierro y París ; Márgenes graduados.Escala gráfica además en 'Lieues Marines de 20 au Degré', etc.Indica relieve representado mediante signos morfográficos

PELOPONESO (Grecia) (Peninsula). 1:716845

Indica meridianos de origen: Isla del Hierro y París ; Márgenes graduados.Escala gráfica además en 'Stades Olumpiques, de 600 au Degré', etc.Indica relieve representado mediante signos morfográficos

España. Mapas físicos (1797). 1:3003000

Indica meridianos de origen: Isla del Hierro y París ; Márgenes graduados.Escala gráfica además en 'Lienes l'Espagne de 17 1/2 au Degré', etc.Indica relieve con sombreado

REINO UNIDO. Islas (1797). 1:793650

Presenta las islas del canal de la Mancha.Indica meridianos de origen: Isla del Hierro y París ; Márgenes graduados.Inserto en: Gouvernement de Normandie

España. Geografía histórica (1797). 1:2962960

Escala gráfica además en 'Milles Romain de 756 Toises', etc.Indica relieve representado mediante signos morfográficos.Indica meridianos de origen: Isla del Hierro y París ; Márgenes graduados